![]() ![]() Enhancement of mechanosensation appears to be the most common adaptive strategy, but little is known of other sensory modalities in these fishes. ![]() Here, we summarize the current understanding of nonvisual sensory modalities in cavefishes. Much less is known about the biology of other cavefishes and their sensory modalities. Several cavefishes, such as the Mexican characid Astyanax mexicanus, have provided valuable insights into how fishes have evolved to cope with life in perpetual darkness and often-limited food resources. Despite being known to science for over 150 years, only recently have cavefishes become model systems for evolutionary studies. Other than salamanders, bony fishes are the only vertebrate group that has successfully colonized and are completely restricted to those habitats. Caves and other subterranean habitats represent one of the most challenging environments on the planet. ![]()
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